Disinfectant solutions are used to eliminate or reduce harmful microorganisms on surfaces, thus preventing the spread of infections and maintaining hygiene. They are employed in various environments, including hospitals, households, laboratories, and public spaces, targeting bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Key components often include alcohol, chlorine, or quaternary ammonium compounds, each chosen based on the specific sanitization needs. By effectively reducing microbial presence, disinfectants play a critical role in infection control, ensuring safe and healthy surroundings, particularly in high-contact areas.