What is a Tubersol Skin Test used for:
The Tubersol skin test, also known as the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, is used to determine if a person has been exposed to the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB). During the test, a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is injected just under the skin of the forearm.
Purpose:
- Detect Latent TB Infection: Identifies individuals who have been infected with TB bacteria but do not have active disease.
- Screening High-Risk Groups:
Used for healthcare workers, people who have been in close contact with
individuals with active TB, certain immigrants, or people with weakened
immune systems. - Aid in Diagnosis: Helps assess potential TB infection as part of an evaluation process for people showing symptoms of TB.
The result is assessed 48 to 72 hours after administration by measuring the size of the induration (raised, hardened area) at the injection site. A positive result may indicate TB exposure, but further testing is needed to confirm active TB disease.
What syringe to use for Tubersol Skin Test:
For the Tubersol skin test, a tuberculin syringe is typically used. This syringe:
- Volume: Holds up to 1 milliliter (mL), which is appropriate for administering the small volume of solution needed for the test.
- Needle: Typically has a fine, short needle, often 26 to 27 gauge, which is suitable for intradermal injections.
- Graduations: It is marked with fine increments, allowing for accurate measurement of the 0.1 mL dose needed for the test.
Using the correct syringe and technique is essential for accurate results.
Tubersol Skin Test Side Effects
The Tubersol skin test is generally safe, but some people may experience side effects, including:
- Minor Irritation: Redness, itching, or swelling at the injection site.
- Allergic Reactions: Rarely, individuals may experience an allergic reaction, which can include rash or severe itching.
- Large Local Reaction: In some cases, especially if there has been a previous TB infection or vaccination with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a larger induration may occur.
- Systemic Reactions: Very rarely, symptoms such as fever or body aches may occur.
If any severe reactions occur, it's important to contact a healthcare provider promptly.