Ampicillin for Injection 500 mg Per Vial by Sandoz 10/Box (RX)

Ampicillin for Injection 500 mg Per Vial is a medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is an antibiotic in the penicillin family and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is commonly used to treat respiratory tract infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, and infections caused by certain types of bacteria. This particular brand is manufactured by Sandoz, a global pharmaceutical company. It is available in the form of a vial, which is a small glass container used for medical purposes. The vial contains 500 mg of ampicillin, which is the recommended dose for most adults. This medication is usually administered through an injection, either into a vein or a muscle, by a healthcare professional. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and course of treatment prescribed by a doctor when using Ampicillin for Injection to ensure the most effective treatment and reduce the risk of side effects.

Ampicillin for injection diffuses readily into most body tissues and fluids. However, penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid and brain occurs only when the meninges are inflamed. Ampicillin is excreted largely unchanged in the urine and its excretion can be delayed by concurrent administration of probenecid. Due to maturational changes in renal function, ampicillin half-life decreases as postmenstrual age (a sum of gestational age and postnatal age) increases for infants with postnatal age of less than 28 days. The active form appears in the bile in higher concentrations than those found in serum. Ampicillin is the least serum-bound of all the penicillins, averaging about 20% compared to approximately 60 to 90% for other penicillins. Ampicillin for injection is well-tolerated by most patients and has been given in doses of 2 grams daily for many weeks without adverse reactions.

Antibacterial Activity

The following bacteria have been shown in in vitro studies to be susceptible to ampicillin for injection:

Gram-positive Bacteria
Hemolytic and nonhemolytic streptococci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Nonpenicillinase-producing staphylococci
Clostridium spp.
B. anthracis
Listeria monocytogenes
Most strains of enterococci.
Gram-negative Bacteria
H. influenzae
N. gonorrhoeae
N. meningitidis
Proteus mirabilis
Many strains of Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli.
AMPICILLIN does not resist destruction by penicillinase.

Ampicillin for injection is indicated in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated organisms in the following conditions:

Respiratory Tract Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase and nonpenicillinase-producing), H. influenzae, and Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.

Bacterial Meningitis caused by E. coli, Group B Streptococci, and other Gram-negative bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, N. meningitidis). The addition of an aminoglycoside with ampicillin may increase its effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria.

Septicemia and Endocarditis caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms including Streptococcus spp., penicillin G-susceptible staphylococci, and enterococci. Gram-negative sepsis caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella spp. responds to ampicillin. Endocarditis due to enterococcal strains usually respond to intravenous therapy. The addition of an aminoglycoside may enhance the effectiveness of ampicillin when treating streptococcal endocarditis.

Urinary Tract Infections caused by sensitive strains of E. coli and Proteus mirabilis.

Gastrointestinal Infections caused by Salmonella typhi (typhoid fever), other Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp. (dysentery) usually respond to oral or intravenous therapy.

Bacteriology studies to determine the causative organisms and their susceptibility to ampicillin should be performed. Therapy may be instituted prior to obtaining results of susceptibility testing. It is advisable to reserve the parenteral form of this drug for moderately severe and severe infections and for patients who are unable to take the oral forms. A change to oral ampicillin may be made as soon as appropriate.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of ampicillin for injection and other antibacterial drugs, ampicillin for injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.